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Schaum's Easy Outline of Busines Statistics
CITATION
Kazmier, L.
.
Schaum's Easy Outline of Busines Statistics
.
US
: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
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Schaum's Easy Outline of Busines Statistics
Authors:
L. Kazmier
Published:
February 2003
eISBN:
9780071425841 0071425845
|
ISBN:
9780071398763
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Book Description
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contents
Chapter 1 Analyzing Business Data
Definition of Business Statistics
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Types of Applications in Business
Discrete and Continuous Variables
Obtaining Data through Direct Observation vs. Surveys
Methods of Random Sampling
Other Sampling Methods
Solved Problems
Chapter 2 Statistical Presentations and Graphical Displays
Frequency Distributions
Class Intervals
Histograms and Frequency Polygons
Frequency Curves
Cumulative Frequency Distributions
Relative Frequency Distributions
The “And-Under” Type of Frequency Distribution
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams
Dotplots
Pareto Charts
Bar Charts and Line Graphs
Run Charts
Pie Charts
Solved Problems
Chapter 3 Describing Business Data: Measures of Location
Measures of Location in Data Sets
The Arithmetic Mean
The Weighted Mean
The Median
The Mode
Relationship between the Mean and Median
Mathematical Criteria Satisfied by the Median and the Mean
Use of the Mean, Median, and Mode
Use of the Mean in Statistical Process Control
Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles
Solved Problems
Chapter 4 Describing Business Data: Measures of Dispersion
Measures of Dispersion in Data Sets
The Range and Modified Ranges
The Mean Absolute Deviation
The Variance and Standard Deviation
Simplified Calculations for the Variance and Standard Deviation
Mathematical Criterion Associated with the Variance and Standard Deviation
Use of the Standard Deviation in Data Description
Use of the Range and Standard Deviation in Statistical Process Control
The Coefficient of Variation
Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
Solved Problems
Chapter 5 Probability
Basic Definitions of Probability
Expressing Probability
Mutually Exclusive and Nonexclusive Events
The Rules of Addition
Independent Events, Dependent Events, and Conditional Probability
The Rules of Multiplication
Bayes’ Theorem
Joint Probability Tables
Permutations
Combinations
Solved Problems
Chapter 6 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables: Binomial, Hypergeometric, and Poisson
What Is a Random Variable?
Describing a Discrete Random Variable
The Binomial Distribution
The Binomial Variable Expressed by Proportions
The Hypergeometric Distribution
The Poisson Distribution
Poisson Approximation of Binomial Probabilities
Solved Problems
Chapter 7 Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables: Normal and Exponential
Continuous Random Variables
The Normal Probability Distribution
Normal Approximation of Binomial Probabilities
Normal Approximation of Poisson Probabilities
The Exponential Probability Distribution
Solved Problems
Chapter 8 Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals for the Mean
Point Estimation of a Population or Process Parameter
The Concept of a Sampling Distribution
Sampling Distribution of the Mean
The Central Limit Theorem
Determining Probability Values for the Sample Mean
Confidence Intervals for the Mean Using the Normal Distribution
Determining the Required Sample Size for Estimating the Mean
The t Distribution and Confidence Intervals for the Mean
Summary Table for Interval Estimation of the Population Mean
Solved Problems
Chapter 9 Other Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals for the Difference between Two Means Using the Normal Distribution
The t Distribution and Confidence Intervals for the Difference between Two Means
Confidence Intervals for the Population Proportion
Determining the Required Sample Size for Estimating the Proportion
Confidence Intervals for the Difference between Two Proportions
The Chi-Square Distribution and Confidence Intervals for the Variance and Standard Deviation
Solved Problems
Chapter 10 Testing Hypotheses Concerning the Value of the Population Mean
Introduction
Basic Steps in Hypothesis Testing by the Critical Value Approach
Testing a Hypothesis Concerning the Mean by Use of the Normal Distribution
Type I and Type II Errors in Hypothesis Testing
Determining the Required Sample Size for Testing the Mean
Testing a Hypothesis Concerning the Mean by Use of the t Distribution
The P-Value Approach to Testing Hypotheses Concerning the Population Mean
The Confidence Interval Approach to Testing Hypotheses Concerning the Mean
Testing with Respect to the Process Mean in Statistical Process Control
Summary Table for Testing a Hypothesized Value of the Mean
Solved Problems
Chapter 11 Testing Other Hypotheses
Testing the Difference between Two Means Using the Normal Distribution
Testing the Difference between Means Based on Paired Observations
Testing a Hypothesis Concerning the Value of the Population Proportion
Determining Required Sample Size for Testing the Proportion
Testing with Respect to the Process Proportion in Statistical Process Control
Testing the Difference between Two Population Proportions
Testing a Hypothesized Value of the Variance Using the Chi-Square Distribution
Testing with Respect to Process Variability in Statistical Process Control
The F Distribution and Testing the Equality of Two Population Variances
Alternative Approaches to Testing the Null Hypothesis
Solved Problems
Chapter 12 The Chi-Square Test for the Analysis of Qualitative Data
General Purpose of the Chi-Square Test
Goodness of Fit Tests
Tests for the Independence of Two Categorical Variables (Contingency Table Tests)
Testing Hypotheses Concerning Proportions
Testing a Hypothesized Value of the Proportion
Testing the Difference Between Two Population Proportions
Testing the Difference Among Several Population Proportions
Solved Problems
Chapter 13 Analysis of Variance
Basic Rationale Associated with Testing the Differences among Several Population Means
One-Factor Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)
Two-Way Analysis of Variance (Two-Way ANOVA)
The Randomized Block Design (Two-Way ANOVA, One Observation per Cell)
Two-Factor Completely Randomized Design (Two-Way ANOVA, n Observations Per Cell)
Solved Problem
Chapter 14 Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis
Objectives and Assumptions of Regression Analysis
The Method of Least Squares for Fitting a Regression Line
Residuals and Residual Plots
The Standard Error of Estimate
Inferences Concerning the Slope
Confidence Intervals for the Conditional Mean
Prediction Intervals for Individual Values of the Dependent Variable
The Coefficient of Determination
The Coefficient of Correlation
Solved Problems
Chapter 15 Multiple Regression and Correlation
Objectives and Assumptions of Multiple Regression Analysis
Additional Concepts in Multiple Regression Analysis
Constant
Partial regression coefficient
Use of the F Test
Use of the t Tests
Confidence interval for the conditional mean
Prediction intervals
Stepwise regression analysis
The Use of Indicator (Dummy) Variables
Analysis of Variance in Linear Regression Analysis
Objectives and Assumptions of Multiple Correlation Analysis
Solved Problem
Chapter 16 Time Series Analysis and Business Forecasting
The Classical Time Series Model
Trend Analysis
Analysis of Cyclical Variations
Measurement of Seasonal Variations
Applying Seasonal Adjustments
Forecasting Based on Trend and Seasonal Factors
Cyclical Forecasting and Business Indicators
Forecasting Based on Moving Averages
Exponential Smoothing as a Forecasting Method
Other Forecasting Methods That Incorporate Smoothing
Solved Problems
Chapter 17 Decision Analysis: Payoff Tables and Decision Trees
The Structure of Payoff Tables
Decision Making Based upon Probabilities Alone
Decision Making Based upon Economic Consequences Alone
Decision Making Based upon Both Probabilities and Economic Consequences: The Expected Payoff Criterion
Expected Utility as the Decision Criterion
Solved Problems
Chapter 18 Statistical Process Control
Total Quality Management
Statistical Quality Control
Types of Variation in Processes
Control Charts
Solved Problems
Appendix A Proportions of Area for the Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix B Proportions of Area for the t Distribution
Appendix C Proportions of Area for the x2 Distribution
Appendix D Values of F Exceeded with Probabilities of 5 and 1%
Index