C++ Demystified | DeMystified

C++ Demystified

Authors: Jeff Kent

Published: April 2004

eISBN: 9780071469968 0071469966 | ISBN: 9780072253702

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Contents at a Glance

About the Author

Contents

Acknowledgments & Introduction

Why Did I Write this Book?

Who Should Read this Book

What this Book Covers

How to Read this Book

Special Features

Contacting the Author

Chapter 1 How a C++ Program Works

What Is a Computer Program?

What Is a Programming Language?

Anatomy of a C++ Program

The main Function

The Function Body

cout

The return 0 Statement

The #include Directive

Namespace

Translating the Code for the Computer

Preprocessor

Compiler

Linker

Using an IDE to Create and Run the "Hello World!" Project

Setting Up the "Hello World!" Project

Writing the Source Code

Building the Project

Running the Code

Quiz

Chapter 2 Memory and Data Types

Memory

Types of Memory

Addresses

Bits and Bytes

Binary Numbering System

Converting Between Decimal and Binary or Hexadecimal

Data Types

Whole Number Data Types

Floating-Point Data Types

Text Data Types

The bool Data Type

Project: Determining the Size of Data Types

The sizeof Operator

Changing the Source File of Your Project

Code and Output

Expressions

Outputting an Expression

Escape Sequences

Quiz

Chapter 3 Variables

Declaring Variables

Syntax of Declaring Variables

Declaring Multiple Variables of the Same Data Type

Naming the Variable

Naming Conventions

The Address Operator

Using the Address and size of Operators with Variables

Assigning Values to Variables

Assignment Operator

Using the cin Object

Quiz

Chapter 4 Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators

The Addition Operator

The Subtraction Operator

The Multiplication Operator

Division Operators

Exponents

The Change Machine Project

Program Description

The Code

The Algorithm

Quiz

Chapter 5 Making Decisions: if and switch Statements

Relational Operators

Relational Expressions

Precedence

Flowcharting

The if Statement

Indenting

Common Mistakes

The if / else Statement

Conditional Operator

Common Mistakes

The if /else if /else Statement

The switch Statement

Differences Between switch and if /else if /else Statements

Quiz

Chapter 6 Nested if Statements and Logical Operators

Nested if Statements

Testing if Both Boolean Expressions Are True

Testing if Either Boolean Expression Is True

Logical Operators

The && Operator

The || Operator

The ! Operator

Precedence

Using the switch Statement with Logical Operators

Quiz

Chapter 7 The For Loop

Increment and Decrement Operators

The Increment Operator

The Decrement Operator

The Difference Between Prefix and Postfix

The For Loop

The Syntax of the For Loop

Beware the Infinite Loop

A Factorial Example

Breaking Out of a Loop

The Continue Keyword

Nesting For Loops

Quiz

Chapter 8 While and Do While Loops

The While Loop

Comparison of for and while Loops

Using the break Keyword

Flags

While (true)

The continue Keyword

Nesting While Loops

The Do While Loop

Syntax

A Do While Loop Example

Comparison of the Do While and While Loop

Scope

Quiz

Chapter 9 Functions

Defining and Calling a Function

Terminology of a Function

Defining a Function

Calling a Function

Prototyping

Variable Scope and Lifetime

Local Variables

Global Variables

Static Local Variables

Sending Information to a Function

Passing Arguments by Value

Passing Arguments by Reference

Returning a Value from a Function

Quiz

Chapter 10 Arrays

Declaring an Array

Constants

Array Index

Initialization

Explicit Array Sizing

Implicit Array Sizing

Initializing a Character Array

Constant Arrays

When to Use Initialization

Assigning and Displaying Array Values

Using the cin and cout Objects with Arrays

The cin Object's getline Function

Passing Arrays as Function Arguments

Quiz

Chapter 11 What's the Address? Pointers

Declaring a Pointer

Syntax of a Pointer Declaration

The Meaning of Pointer Data Types

Assigning a Value to a Pointer

Why You Should Not Try to Use an Unassigned Pointer

Null Pointers

Assigning a Pointer the Address of a Variable or Constant

Indirection Operator and Dereferencing

The Pointer as a Variable or a Constant

Pointer as a Variable

The Array Name as a Constant Pointer

Pointer Arithmetic

Using a Variable Pointer to Point to an Array

Incrementing a Pointer

Comparing Addresses

Decrementing a Pointer

Pointers as Function Arguments

Passing an Array Using Pointer Notation

Passing a Single Variable Using Pointer Notation

Dynamic Memory Allocation

Returning Pointers from Functions

Returning a Pointer to a Local Variable (Not a Good Idea)

Returning a Pointer to a Static Local Variable

Returning a Pointer to a Dynamically Created Variable

Quiz

Chapter 12 Character, C-String, and C++ String Class Functions

Reading a Character

The "Press Any Key to Continue" Problem

Combining Use of cin, cin.get, and cin.getline

Rules to Live By

Useful Character Functions

Case Conversion Functions

Functions that Check the Value of a Character

Useful C-String and C++ String Functions

Determining the Length of a String

Assigning a Value to a String

Appending to a String

Comparing Two Strings

Conversion Between a C-String and a Number

Quiz

Chapter 13 Persistent Data: File Input and Output

Text vs. Binary Files

The fstream Standard Library

The File Access Life Cycle

Opening a File

Opening a File for Writing

Opening a File for Reading

Opening a File for Reading and Writing

Checking if the File Was Opened

Closing a File

Writing to a File

Reading from a File

Reading a Line of a File

Looping Through the File

File Stream Objects as Function Arguments

Quiz

Chapter 14 The Road Ahead: Structures and Classes

Your Reasons for Reading This Book?

Object-Oriented Programming

Structures

Declaring a Structure

Declaring a Structure Variable

Accessing Structure Member Variables

Initializing a Structure

Passing Structures as Function Arguments

Nesting Structures

Classes

Quiz

Final Exam

Answers to Quizzes and Final Exam

Index