Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

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Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Authors: Gideon Koren

Published: 2007

ISBN: 9780071448284 0071448284

CONTENTS

Contributors

Preface

PART I MATERNAL FETAL TOXICOLOGY

1 Drugs in Pregnancy: Acknowledging Challenges-Finding Solutions

2 Gestational Changes in Drug Disposition in the Maternal-Fetal Unit

3 Developmental Risk Assessments

4 Teratogenic Drugs and Chemicals in Humans

5 Epilepsy and Pregnancy

6 Fetal Malformations Associated with Drugs and Chemicals: Visualization by Sonography/Fetal MRI

7 Drugs and Chemicals Most Commonly Used by Pregnant Women

8 Direct Drug Toxicity to the Fetus

9 Poisoning in Pregnancy

10 Maternal Disorders Leading to Increased Reproductive Risks

11 Depression and Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy

12 Neonatal Poor Adaptation Syndrome Following in Utero Exposure to Antidepressants

13 Clinical Management of Substance Use During Pregnancy

14 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Central Nervous System Tragedy

15 Determination of Prenatal Exposures

16 Occupational Exposures Known to be Human Reproductive Poisons

17 The Common Occupational Exposures Encountered by Pregnant Women

18 Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation in Pregnancy

19 The Use of Natural Health Products in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Clinicianâ€™s Guide

20 Folic Acid and Congenital Birth Defects: A Review

21 Teratogen Information Services Around the World

22 Motherisk: The Toronto Model for Counselling in Reproductive Toxicology

23 The Way Women Perceive Teratogenic Risk: How It Can Influence Decision Making During Pregnancy Regarding Drug Use or Abortion of a Wanted Pregnancy

PART II MASTER

Section 1: Methodological Aspects

24 A Method for Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

25 Bias Against the Null Hypothesis in Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Toxicology

26 Bias Against the Null Hypothesis: The Reproductive Hazards of Cocaine

27 Reporting Bias in Retrospective Ascertainment of Drug-Induced Embryopathy

Section 2: Maternal Morbidities

28 Fall in Mean Arterial Pressure and Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnancy Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis

29 Prevalence of Depression During Pregnancy: Systematic Review

30 Perinatal Risks of Untreated Depression During Pregnancy

31 Malformation Rates in Children of Women with Untreated Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

32 Pregnancy Outcome Following Non-Obstetric Surgical Intervention

33 Maternal Hyperthermia and the Risk for Neural Tube Defects in Offspring: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

34 Risk of Varicella Infection During Late Pregnancy

Section 3: Alcohol, Caffeine, Cocaine and Environmental Exposure

35 Association Between Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Spontaneous Abortion, Stillbirth and Premature Birth: A Meta-Analysis

36 Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and the Incidence of Fetal Malformations: A Meta-Analysis

37 The Role of Acetaldehyde in Pregnancy Outcome After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

38 Moderate to Heavy Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy and Relationship to Spontaneous Abortion and Abnormal Fetal Growth: A Meta-Analysis

39 Fetal Effects of Cocaine: An Updated Meta-Analysis

40 Pregnancy Outcome Following Maternal Organic Solvent Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies

Section 4: Use of Vitamins, Contraceptives and Therapeutic Drugs

41 Prenatal Multivitamin Supplementation and Rates of Congenital Anomalies: A Meta-Analysis

42 Maternal Spermicide Use and Adverse Reproductive Outcome: A Meta-Analysis

43 Evidence-Based View of Safety and Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)

44 Fetal Genital Effects of First-Trimester Sex Hormone Exposure: A Meta-Analysis

45 Aspirin Consumption During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: A Meta-Analysis

46 Fetal Safety of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Critical Review

47 Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors During Pregnancy and Rates of Major Malformations: A Meta-Analysis

48 The Safety of Nitrofurantoin During the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Meta-Analysis

49 Safety of Metronidazole in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis

50 Risks and Benefits of Î²-Receptor Blockers for Pregnancy Hypertension: Overview of the Randomized Trials

51 The Safety of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis

52 Pregnancy Outcome After First-Trimester Exposure to Metformin: A Meta-Analysis

53 Pregnancy Outcome Following First Trimester Exposure to Antihistamines: Meta-Analysis

54 Evaluation of Brompheniramine Safety in Pregnancy

55 Birth Defects After Maternal Exposure to Corticosteroids: Prospective Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

56 Pregnancy Outcome After Cyclosporine Therapy During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis

57 Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies on Pregnancy Outcome Following Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy

58 Neurodevelopment of Children Exposed in Utero to Treatment of Maternal Malignancy

59 Benzodiazepine Use in Pregnancy and Major Malformations or Oral Cleft: Meta-Analysis of Cohort and Case-Control Studies

60 Safety of Fluoxetine During the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Meta-Analytical Review of Epidemiological Studies

61 Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and the Rates of Spontaneous Abortions: A Meta-Analysis

62 Newer Antidepressants in Pregnancy and Rates of Major Malformations: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Comparative Studies

63 Major Malformations with Valproic Acid

Index