Toxico-terrorism: Emergency Response and Clinical Approach to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents

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Toxico-terrorism: Emergency Response and Clinical Approach to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents

Toxico-terrorism: Emergency Response and Clinical Approach to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents

Authors: Robin McFee and Jerrold Leikin

Published: August 2007

eISBN: 9780071593557 0071593551 | ISBN: 9780071471862

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part l: General Patient Principles

1 Toxidrome Recognition

2 Biodromes—Bioweapon Recognition

3 Countermeasures and Facility Preparedness: An Overview

4 Supportive Care

5 Dermal Issues

6 Neurologic Issues in Emergency Bioterrorism

7 Cardiac Issues

8 Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Bioterrorism

9 Ophthalmological Issues

10 Respiratory and Critical Care Unit Issues

11 Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Issues

12 Acute Psychiatric Issues

13 Palliative and Expectant (Black Tag) Care

14 Special Populations: Pediatrics

15 Geriatrics: Bioterrorism, Emerging Threats, and Emergency Preparedness: Special Considerations for Geriatric Patients

16 Special Populations: Women Who are Pregnant

17 Women's Reproductive Issues

18 Hospital Laboratory Issues

Part II: EMS Issues

19 Chempack

20 Approach to Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents

21 Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) Emergencies

22 Enhancing Hospital Emergency Preparedness

23 EMS-ED Considerations

24 Field Identification and Decontamination of Toxins

Part III: Emergency Department Preparedness

25 Triage in the Emergency Department

26 Pharmacy Preparedness for Incidents Involving Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Weapons

27 Hospital Staff Issues

Part IV: Specific Chemical Agent: Toxins/Toxicants

28 Nerve Agents

29 Blister Agents

30 Chemical Asphyxiants

31 Flammable Industrial Liquids and Gases

32 Corrosive Industrial Agents

33 Arsenic, Lead, and Mercury

34 Pulmonary Agents

35 Pesticides

36 Nonlethal Weapons or Incapacitating Agents

37 Other Chemical Agents

Part V: Biologicals

38 CDC Category Explanation (A, B, C) Overview

39 Anthrax

40 Yersinia Pestis—Plague

41 Botulism

42 Smallpox (Variola) and Poxviruses

43 Tularemia

44 Hemorrhagic Fever

45 CDC Category B Agents

46 CDC Category C Agents

47 Emerging Pathogens

48 Avian Influenza

49 SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

50 Agroterrorism

Part VI: Ionizing Radiation

51 A Practical Basis for Early Management of Radiologically Injuredor Ill Patients: Ionizing Radiation Physics and Instrumentation, Radiation Protection, Contamination Control, Dosimetry, and Radiological/Nuclear (R/N) Terrorism

52 Diagnosis and Medical Management of Radiation Injuries and Illnesses

Part VII: Explosives/Incendiaries

53 Medical Management of Explosives

Part VIII: Public Health Considerations

54 Poison Information Centers

55 Biosurveillance

56 Vaccines

Appendix A: CDC Chemical Emergencies: Overview

Appendix B: CDC Laboratory Preparedness for Emergencies: Response to Suspicious Substances

Appendix C: CDC Laboratory Preparedness for Emergencies: Facts about the Laboratory Response Network

Appendix D: CDC Laboratory Preparedness for Emergencies: Laboratory Network for Biological Terrorism

Appendix E: CDC Specimen-Collection Protocol for a Chemical-Exposure Event

Appendix F: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Shipping Instructions for Specimens Collected from People Who may have been Exposed to Chemical-Terrorism Agents: Collecting Specimens

Appendix G: Continuation Guidance–Budget Year Four, Focus Area D: Laboratory Capacity–Chemical Agents

Appendix H: Instructions for Shipping Blood Samples to CDC after a Chemical-Exposure Event

Appendix I: Instructions for Shipping Urine Samples to CDC after a Chemical-Exposure Event

Appendix J: Sentinel Laboratory Guidelines for Suspected Agents of Bioterrorism: Clinical Laboratory Bioterrorism Readiness Plan

Appendix K: Riot Control Agents

Appendix L: Chlorine Use as a Weapon

Appendix M: Intentional Use of Radiation as a Poison

Index