Antennas for Base Stations in Wireless Communications

Home >
Browse >
Antennas for Base Stations in Wireless Communications

Antennas for Base Stations in Wireless Communications

Authors: Zhi Ning Chen and Kwai-Man Luk

Published: June 2009

eISBN: 9780071612890 0071612890 | ISBN: 9780071612883

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Antennas

1.1 Basis Parameters and Definitions of Antennas

1.1.1 Input Impedance and Equivalent Circuits

1.1.2 Matching and Bandwidth

1.1.3 Radiation Patterns

1.1.4 Polarization of the Antenna

1.1.5 Antenna Efficiency

1.1.6 Directivity and Gain

1.1.7 Intermodulation

1.2 Important Antennas in This Book

1.2.1 Patch Antennas

1.2.2 Suspended Plate Antennas

1.2.3 Planer Inverted-L/F Antennas

1.2.4 Planer Dipoles/Monopoles

1.3 Basic Measurement Techniques

1.3.1 Measurement Systems for Impedance Matching

1.3.2 Measurement Setups for Far-Zone Fields

1.3.3 Measurement Systems for Intermodulation

1.4 System Calibration

1.5 Remarks

References

Chapter 2. Base Station Antennas for Mobile Radio Systems

2.1 Operational Requirements

2.2 Antenna Performance Parameters

2.2.1 Control of Antenna Parameters

2.3 The Design of a Practical Base Station Antenna

2.3.1 Methods of Construction

2.3.2 Array Design

2.3.3 Dimensioning the Array

2.3.4 Multiband and Wideband Arrays

2.3.5 Feed Networks

2.3.6 Practical Cost/Performance Issues

2.3.7 Passive Intermodulation Products and Their Avoidance

2.3.8 Use of Computer Simulation

2.3.9 Arrays with Remotely Controlled Electrical Parameters

2.3.10 Antennas for TD-SCDMA Systems

2.3.11 Measurement Techniques for Base Station Antennas

2.3.12 Array Optimization and Fault Diagnosis

2.3.13 RADHAZ

2.3.14 Visual Appearance and Planning Issues

2.3.15 Future Directions

References

Chapter 3. Antennas for Mobile Communications: CDMA, GSM, and WCDMA

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Requirements for Indoor Base Station Antennas

3.1.2 Requirements for Outdoor Base Station Antennas

3.2 Case Studies

3.2.1 An Eight-Element-Shaped Beam Antenna Array

3.2.2 A 90° Linearly Polarized Antenna Array

3.2.3 A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Array

3.2.4 A Broadband Monopolar Antenna for Indoor Coverage

3.2.5 A Single-Feed Dual-Band Patch Antenna for Indoor Networks

3.3 Conclusion

3.4 Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 4. Advanced Antennas for Radio Base Stations

4.1 Benefits of Advanced Antennas

4.2 Advanced Antenna Technologies

4.3 Three-Sector Reference System

4.4 Three-Sector Omnidirectional Antenna

4.5 Higher Order Receive Diversity

4.5.1 Field Trial

4.6 Transmit Diversity

4.7 Antenna Beamtilt

4.7.1 Case Study

4.8 Modular High-Gain Antenna

4.8.1 Case Study

4.8.2 Field Trial

4.9 Higher Order Sectorization

4.9.1 Case Study

4.10 Fixed Multibeam Array Antenna

4.10.1 Field Trials

4.10.2 Migration Strategy

4.11 Steered Beam Array Antenna

4.12 Amplifier Integrated Sector Antenna

4.12.1 Case Study

4.13 Amplifier Integrated Multibeam Array Antenna

4.14 Conclusion

References

Chapter 5. Antenna Issues and Technologies for Enhancing System Capacity

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Mobile Communications in Japan

5.1.2 Wireless Access System

5.2 Design Considerations for Antennas from a Systems Point of View

5.3 Case Studies

5.3.1 Slim Antenna

5.3.2 Narrow HPBW Antenna with Parasitic Metal Conductors

5.3.3 SpotCell (Micro-Cell) Antenna

5.3.4 Booster Antenna

5.3.5 Control of Vertical Radiation Pattern

5.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. New Unidirectional Antennas for Various Wireless Base Stations

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Patch Antennas

6.2.1 Twin L-Shaped Probes Fed Patch Antenna

6.2.2 Meandering-Probe Fed Patch Antenna

6.2.3 Differential-Plate Fed Patch Antenna

6.3 Complementary Antennas Composed of an Electric Dipole and a Magnetic Dipole

6.3.1 Basic Principle

6.3.2 Complementary Antennas Composed of Slot Antenna and Parasitic Wires

6.3.3 Complementary Antennas with a Slot Antenna and a Conical Monopole

6.3.4 New Wideband Unidirectional Antenna Element

6.4 Conclusion

6.5 Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 7. Antennas for WLAN (WiFi) Applications

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 WLAN (WiFi)

7.1.2 MIMO in WLANs

7.2 Design Considerations for Antennas

7.2.1 Materials, Fabrication Process, Time to Market, Deployment, and Installation

7.2.2 MIMO Antenna System Design Considerations

7.3 State-of-the-Art Designs

7.3.1 Outdoor Point-to-Point Antennas

7.3.2 Outdoor Point-to-Multiple-Point Antennas

7.3.3 Indoor Point-to-Multiple Point Antennas

7.4 Case Studies

7.4.1 Indoor P2MP Embedded Antenna

7.4.2 Outdoor P2P Antenna Array

7.4.3 Dual-Band Outdoor P2P Antenna Array

7.4.4 Outdoor P2P Diversity Grid Antenna Array

7.4.5 Outdoor/Indoor P2MP HotSpot/HotZone Antenna

7.4.6 MIMO Antenna Array

7.4.7 Three-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna

7.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Antennas for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Applications: RFID/UWB Positioning

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

8.1.2 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

8.1.3 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Positioning

8.2 Antenna Design for RFID Readers

8.2.1 Design Considerations

8.2.2 Case Study

8.3 Antenna Design for Indoor Mono-Station UWB Positioning System

8.3.1 Design Considerations

8.3.2 Case Study: Six-Element Sectored Antenna Arrays

8.4 Conclusion

References

Index