Emergent Management of Trauma, Third Edition

Home >
Browse >
Emergent Management of Trauma, Third Edition

Emergent Management of Trauma, Third Edition

Authors: John Bailitz, Faran Bokhari, Thomas Scaletta and Jeffrey Schaider

Published: December 2010

eISBN: 9780071632539 0071632530 | ISBN: 9780071624343

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgment

Part I: Resuscitation Concepts

1 Prehospital Issues

Trauma Center Considerations

Death Pronouncement

Restraint Devices

Ballistics

Stabilization

Disasters

Hospital Notification

2 Hospital Organization

Emergency Departments

Team Members

Preparation

3 Patient Evaluation

Primary Survey

Airway and Cervical Spine Control

Breathing

Circulation and Hemorrhage Control

Disability (Neurologic)

Expose (Undress) and Environment (Temperature Control)

Resuscitation Phase

Adjuncts to Consider

Rapid History

Secondary Survey

Laboratory Utilization

Radiograph Utilization

Reassessment

Disposition

4 Airway Management

Intubation Indications

Orotracheal Intubation

Rapid Sequence Induction

Sedative-Only Intubation

Nasotracheal Intubation

Alternative Techniques

Surgical Airways

Special Situations

5 Shock

Hemorrhagic

6 Fluids

Resuscitation Goals

Crystalloid

Other Adjuncts

Blood Products

Transfusion Risks

Part II: Anatomic Areas of Injury

7 Head

Severity Determination

Increased ICP

Diagnostics

Skull Fracture

Intracranial Injury

Disposition Considerations

8 Eye

Evaluation

Test Ordering

MRI

Specific Injuries

9 Face

Nasal Fracture

Maxillary Fracture

Zygomatic Fracture

Orbital Floor Fracture

Mandibular Fracture

Temporomandibular Dislocation

Parotid Duct/Facial Nerve Injuries

Tooth Injury

10 Spine

General Principles

Hyperflexion Injury

Hyperextension Injury

Hyperflexion–Rotation Injury

Vertical Compression Injury

Extension–Rotation Injury

Flexion–Rotation Injury

Direct Force Injury

Dislocation

Radiography

Spinal Cord Injury

11 Neck

Penetrating Trauma

12 Chest: Blunt

Rib Fracture

Flail Chest

Sternal Fracture

Scapular Fracture

Pulmonary Contusion

Pneumothorax

Tension Pneumothorax

Hemothorax

Traumatic Aortic Rupture (TAR)

Blunt Cardiac Injury (BCI)

Myocardial Rupture

Tracheobronchial Disruption

Esophageal Rupture

Diaphragm Rupture

Traumatic Asphyxia

13 Chest: Penetrating

Central

Peripheral

Cardiac Tamponade

Communicating (Open) Pneumothorax

Air Embolism

Esophageal Penetration

14 Abdomen: Blunt

Physical Examination

Diagnostic Strategy

FAST Examination

Laparoscopy

Laparotomy Indications

Nonoperative Injury Management

15 Abdomen: Penetrating

Gunshot

16 Pelvis

Fracture Classification

Radiography

Hemorrhage Control

Concurrent Injuries

17 Genitourinary

Urethra

Bladder

Ureter

Kidney

Reproductive Organs

Part III: Extremity Trauma

18 Soft Tissue

Penetrating

Blunt

Amputations

19 Hand

Phalanx Fracture

Dislocation

Metacarpal Fracture

Head

20 Wrist

Scaphoid Fracture

Triquetrum Fracture

Lunate Fracture

Lunate Dislocation

Perilunate Dislocation

Scapholunate Dislocation

Radiocarpal Dislocation

Capitate Fracture

Hamate Fracture

Trapezium Fracture

Pisiform Fracture

21 Forearm

Distal Fractures

Radius Shaft Fracture

Ulna Shaft Fracture

Combined Radius/Ulna Fractures

22 Elbow

Olecranon Fracture

Radial Head Fracture

Supracondylar Fracture

Condylar Fracture

Lateral Condylar Fractures

Medial Condylar Fracture

Intercondylar Fractures

Elbow Dislocation

Anterior

23 Humerus

Shaft Fracture

Head/Neck Fracture

24 Shoulder and Clavicle

Scapular Fracture

Shoulder Dislocation

Clavicle Fracture

Acromioclavicular Injury

Sternoclavicular Dislocation

25 Hip and Femur

Hip Dislocation

Posterior Dislocation

Anterior Dislocation

Hip Fracture

Femoral Head

Femoral Neck

Intertrochanteric

Subtrochanteric

26 Knee

Ottawa Knee Rules

Distal Femur Fracture

Patellar Fracture

Knee Dislocation

Patellar Dislocation

Knee Strain

Proximal Tibia Fracture

27 Leg and Ankle

Tibial Shaft Fracture

Fibular Shaft Fracture

Ankle Anatomy

Ankle Sprain

Malleolar Fracture

Maisoneuve Fracture

Pilon Fracture

Plafond Fracture

Tillaux Fracture

Ankle Dislocation

28 Foot

Ottawa Foot Rules

Talus Fracture

Calcaneus Fracture

Navicular Fracture

Cuboid Fracture

Cuneiform Fracture

Lisfranc's Injury

Metatarsal Fracture

Phalange Fracture

Sesamoid Fracture

Part IV: Special Groups

29 Children

Tube Sizes

Vascular Access

Fluids

30 Pregnancy

Key Differences

Fetal Heart Tones

Maternal Physiology (Third Trimester)

Placental Abruption

Other Obstetrical Complications

Considerations by Mechanism

Radiographic Considerations

Postmortem Cesarean Section

31 Elderly

Key Differences

Injury Mechanisms

Part V: Environmental Issues

32 Burns

Thermal

Electrical

Chemical

Inhalation Injury and Toxins

33 Near Drowning

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical Findings

Management

Prognosis

Disposition

34 Temperature Extremes

Pathophysiology

Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

35 Terrorism Preparation

Agent Types

Identification

Management

36 Nuclear

Radiation Physics

Exposure Types

Acute Radiation Syndrome

Treatment

37 Biologics

Bacterial Agents

Viral Agents

Toxins

38 Chemicals

Choking Agents

Blister Agents

Neurotoxins

Part VI : Useful Resources

39 Procedures

Airway

Needle Thoracostomy

Tube Thoracostomy

Pericardiocentesis

Thoracotomy

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

Burr Holes

Laceration Repair

Nerve Blocks

Compartment Pressure Measurement

Splinting Techniques

40 Radiograph Interpretation

Cervical Spine

Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

Chest

Pelvis

Face

Hand

Elbow

Knee

Ankle

Foot

41 Radiographic Anatomy

Angiography

Computer Tomography (CT)

42 Organ Procurement

Considerations

Brain Death

43 Infection Prophylaxis

Tetanus

Rabies

Antibiotic Use

Penetrating Injuries

44 Aftercare Instructions

English

Español

45 Drug Formulary

Pregnancy Categories

Abbreviations

Drugs

Appendix 45–1, Major Drug Categories

Bibliography

Index