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CITATION

Arp, Robert and Watson, Jamie Carlin. Philosophy DeMYSTiFied. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2011.

Philosophy DeMYSTiFied

Authors: Robert Arp and Jamie Carlin Watson

Published:  April 2011

eISBN: 9780071717670 0071717676 | ISBN: 9780071717663
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  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Part I: Philosophy and Correct Reasoning
  • Chapter 1 An Overview of Western Philosophy
  • What Is Philosophy?
  • Domains of Philosophy
  • The Beginnings of Philosophy
  • Philosophical Eras
  • The Value of Philosophy
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 2 Thinking Critically about Reality
  • Claims
  • Arguments and Evidence
  • Argument Strategies
  • Fallacies
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 3 Knowledge and the Problem of Skepticism
  • What Does It Mean to “Know”?
  • An Obstacle to Knowing: Skepticism
  • Four Arguments for Skepticism
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 4 Responses to Skepticism
  • René Descartes to the Rescue
  • The “Cogito” Argument
  • Descartes Gets His Senses Back
  • John Locke Breaks the Rules
  • Empiricism Becomes a Plausible Philosophical View
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 5 The Problem of Induction and the Development of Externalism
  • David Hume Revives Skepticism about Science
  • Attempts to Solve the Problem of Induction
  • Hume’s Aftermath: From Kant to the Twentieth Century
  • Immanuel Kant: Awakening a Giant
  • Logical Positivism: Back to the Senses
  • Edmund Gettier: A Change in the Curriculum
  • The Move to Externalism
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 6 The Mind-Body Problem
  • What Is a “Mind”?
  • Qualities and Types of Mind
  • Ancient Western Mythological Conceptions of Mind
  • Ancient Greek Conceptions of Mind
  • Descartes’s Argument for Substance Dualism
  • A Contemporary Argument for Property Dualism
  • The Mind-Body Problem (or Problems)
  • The Staying Power of Consciousness
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 7 Personhood and Personal Identity over Time
  • Are you a Person?
  • Criteria for Personhood
  • Criterion 1: The Capacity for Reason
  • Criteria 2 and 3: Mental States and Language
  • Are you the Same “you” through Time?
  • Is your Mind “you”?
  • Conscious Minds in Bodies
  • “Memories... Like the Corners of My Mind”
  • Are Bodies or Minds Necessary or Sufficient for Personal Identity?
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 8 Freedom and Determinism
  • Different Types of Freedom
  • Alternate Possibilities Freedom (APF) and Moral Responsibility
  • A Deterministic Universe
  • Why Do I Act Like I Do? Nature, Nurture, and Motivation
  • Hard Determinism
  • Hard Indeterminism
  • Compatibilism
  • Are you Even Free to Read On?
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 9 The Question of God’s Existence
  • The Concept of “God”
  • Philosophical Approaches to God’s Existence
  • Arguments for God’s Existence
  • An Argument against God’s Existence: The Problem of Evil
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 10 Moral Philosophy
  • What Is “Moral Philosophy”?
  • How Is a Moral Decision Different from Any Other Decision?
  • Normativity
  • Moral Theories
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 11 Moral Decision-Making
  • How to Evaluate Moral Claims
  • Two Problematic Moral Theories
  • Quiz
  • Chapter 12 Justice, Rights, and Government
  • What Are Groups of Humans Like?
  • Paternal Governments
  • Liberal Governments
  • Freedom and Ownership
  • Law and Morality
  • Individual Rights vs. the Common Good
  • Justice
  • Can’t We Just All Get Along?
  • Quiz
  • Final Exam
  • Answers to Quizzes and Final Exam
  • Suggested Reading
  • Index