Schaum's Outline of Medical Terminology | Schaum's Outline

Schaum's Outline of Medical Terminology

Authors: James Keogh

Published: February 2011

eISBN: 9780071736534 0071736530 | ISBN: 9780071736527

Contents

Chapter 1 The Language of Medicine

1.1 Definition

1.2 Roots

1.3 Prefixes

1.4 Suffixes

Chapter 2 Hematology Tests

2.1 Definition

2.2 Blood Type Test

2.3 Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test

2.4 Total Serum Protein Test

2.5 Blood Alcohol Test

2.6 Lead Test

2.7 Serum Osmolality Test

2.8 Uric Acid Blood Test

2.9 C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test

2.10 Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test

2.11 Chemistry Screen Test

2.12 Vitamin B[sub(12)] Test

2.13 Cold Agglutinins Test

2.14 Toxicology Tests (Tox Screen)

2.15 Folic Acid Test

2.16 Gastrin Test

2.17 Ferritin Test

2.18 Lactic Acid Test

2.19 Prothrombin Time (PT) Test

2.20 Reticulocyte Count

2.21 Schilling Test

2.22 Sedimentation Rate (SED) Test

2.23 Iron (Fe) Test

2.24 Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) Test

2.25 Arterial Blood Gases Test

2.26 Total Carbon Dioxide Test

2.27 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Test

Chapter 3 Electrolyte Tests

3.1 Definition

3.2 Calcium (Ca) Test

3.3 Magnesium (Mg) Test

3.4 Phosphate Test

3.5 Potassium (K) Test

3.6 Sodium (Na) Test

3.7 Chloride (Cl) Test

Chapter 4 Liver Tests

4.1 Definition

4.2 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Test

4.3 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Tests

4.4 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Test

4.5 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test

4.6 Ammonia Test

4.7 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Test

4.8 Bilirubin Test

Chapter 5 Cardiac Enzymes and Markers Tests

5.1 Definition

5.2 Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Test

5.3 Cardiac Enzyme Studies

5.4 Homocysteine Test

5.5 Renin Assay Test

Chapter 6 Serology Tests

6.1 Definition

6.2 Immunoglobulin (Ig) Tests

6.3 Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Test

6.4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Tests

6.5 CD4+ Count Test

6.6 Viral Load Measurement Test

6.7 Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test

Chapter 7 Endocrine Tests

7.1 Definition

7.2 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and Cortisol Test

7.3 Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test

7.4 Aldosterone Blood Test

7.5 Cortisol Blood Test

7.6 Estrogen Blood Test

7.7 Growth Hormone (GH) Test

7.8 Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test

7.9 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test

7.10 Thyroid Hormone Test

7.11 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test

7.12 Testosterone Test

Chapter 8 Glucose Tests

8.1 Definition

8.2 C-Peptide Test

8.3 D-Xylose Absorption Test

8.4 Blood Glucose Tests

8.5 Glycohemoglobin (GHb) Test

Chapter 9 Tumor Markers

9.1 Definition

9.2 Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) Test

9.3 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Test

9.4 Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test

Chapter 10 Pregnancy and Genetics Tests

10.1 Definition

10.2 Antisperm Antibody Test

10.3 Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test

10.4 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test

10.5 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Test

10.6 Inhibin A Test

10.7 Prolactin Test

10.8 Phenylketonuria (PKU) Test

10.9 Tay-Sachs Test

10.10 Sickle Cell Test

10.11 Hemochromatosis (HFE) Gene Test

Chapter 11 Tests for Infection

11.1 Definition

11.2 Antibody Tests

11.3 Blood Cultures

11.4 Mononucleosis Tests

11.5 Helicobacter pylori Tests

11.6 Herpes Tests

11.7 Lyme Disease Tests

11.8 Rubella Test

11.9 Syphilis Tests

Chapter 12 Renal Function Tests

12.1 Definition

12.2 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test

12.3 Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance Test

Chapter 13 Pancreas and Lipid Metabolism Tests

13.1 Definition

13.2 Amylase Test

13.3 Lipase Test

13.4 Cholesterol and Triglycerides Tests

Chapter 14 Diagnostic Imaging Tests

14.1 Definition

14.2 How an X-Ray Is Taken

14.3 Abdominal X-Ray

14.4 Extremity X-Ray

14.5 Spinal X-Ray

14.6 Mammogram

14.7 Chest X-Ray

14.8 Dental X-Ray

14.9 Facial X-Ray

14.10 Skull X-Ray

14.11 How a Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Is Taken

14.12 Full Body CT Scan

14.13 CT Scan of the Head

14.14 CT Scan of the Spine

14.15 How an Ultrasound Scan Is Taken

14.16 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Ultrasound

14.17 Transvaginal Ultrasound and Hysterosonogram

14.18 Testicular Ultrasound

14.19 Abdominal Ultrasound

14.20 Breast Ultrasound

14.21 Cranial Ultrasound

14.22 Doppler Ultrasound

14.23 Fetal Ultrasound

14.24 Pelvic Ultrasound

14.25 Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound

14.26 How a Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Is Taken

14.27 Abdominal MRI

14.28 Breast MRI

14.29 Head MRI

14.30 Knee MRI

14.31 Shoulder MRI

14.32 Spinal MRI

14.33 PET Scan

14.34 How a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) SCAN Is Taken

14.35 Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Test

14.36 Bone Scan

Chapter 15 Biopsy

15.1 Definition

15.2 Lung Biopsy

15.3 Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy

15.4 Liver Biopsy

15.5 Lymph Node Biopsy

15.6 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

15.7 Testicular Biopsy

15.8 Thyroid Biopsy

15.9 Prostate Biopsy

15.10 Skin Biopsy

Chapter 16 Female Tests

16.1 Definition

16.2 Breast Cancer Gene (BRCA) Test

16.3 Pap Smear

16.4 Vaginosis Tests

16.5 Sperm Penetration Tests

Chapter 17 Maternity Tests

17.1 Definition

17.2 Biophysical Profile (BPP) Test

17.3 Contraction Stress Test

17.4 Cranial Ultrasound Test

17.5 Amniocentesis

17.6 Cordocentesis Test

17.7 Sweat Test

17.8 Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) Test

17.9 Karyotyping

17.10 Cervical Cerclage (Weak Cervix)

17.11 Galactosemia Test

Chapter 18 Chest, Abdominal, and Urinary Tract Tests

18.1 Definition

18.2 Lung Scan

18.3 Pulmonary Function Tests

18.4 Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) Test Series

18.5 Esophagus Test Series

18.6 Gallbladder Scan

18.7 Kidney Scan

18.8 Liver and Spleen Scan

18.9 Urinalysis

18.10 Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

18.11 Renin Assay Test

18.12 Thyroid Scan

18.13 Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound

18.14 Thyroid Hormone Tests

18.15 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test

18.16 Salivary Gland Scan

18.17 D-Xylose Absorption Test

18.18 Stool Culture

18.19 Entero-Test (Giardiasis String Test)

18.20 Stool Analysis

18.21 Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

18.22 Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Chapter 19 Male Tests

19.1 Definition

19.2 Erectile Dysfunction Tests

19.3 Testicular Ultrasound

19.4 Testicular Scan

19.5 Semen Analysis

Chapter 20 Skin Tests

20.1 Definition

20.2 Chemical Peel

20.3 Allergy Skin Test

20.4 Dermabrasion

20.5 Mantoux Skin Test

20.6 Wound Culture

Chapter 21 Foot Tests

21.1 Definition

21.2 Bunion Surgery

21.3 Achilles Tendon Repair

21.4 Nail Removal

Chapter 22 Vision Tests and Procedures

22.1 Definition

22.2 Vision Tests

22.3 Tonometry Test

22.4 Electronystagmogram (ENG)

Chapter 23 Cardiovascular Terminology

23.1 Definition

23.2 Aortic Aneurysm

23.3 Angina (Angina Pectoris)

23.4 Myocardial Infarction (MI)

23.5 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

23.6 Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

23.7 Cardiac Tamponade

23.8 Cardiogenic Shock

23.9 Cardiomyopathy

23.10 Endocarditis

23.11 Heart Failure [Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)]

23.12 Hypertension

23.13 Hypovolemic Shock

23.14 Myocarditis

23.15 Pericarditis

23.16 Pulmonary Edema

23.17 Raynaud’s Disease

23.18 Rheumatic Heart Disease

23.19 Thrombophlebitis

23.20 Atrial Fibrillation

23.21 Asystole

23.22 Ventricular Fibrillation

23.23 Ventricular Tachycardia

23.24 Aortic Insufficiency (AI)

23.25 Mitral Insufficiency

23.26 Mitral Stenosis

23.27 Mitral Valve Prolapse

23.28 Tricuspid Insufficiency

23.29 Cardiac Catheterization Angiography

23.30 Echocardiograph

23.31 Nuclear Cardiology

23.32 Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

23.33 Hemodynamic Monitoring

23.34 Venogram

23.35 Pulse Oximetry

Chapter 24 The Respiratory System

24.1 Definition

24.2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

24.3 Asbestosis

24.4 Asthma

24.5 Atelectasis

24.6 Bronchiectasis

24.7 Bronchitis

24.8 Cor Pulmonale

24.9 Emphysema

24.10 Lung Cancer

24.11 Pleural Effusion

24.12 Pneumonia

24.13 Pneumothorax

24.14 Respiratory Acidosis

24.15 Tuberculosis (TB)

24.16 Acute Respiratory Failure

24.17 Pulmonary Embolism

24.18 Influenza

24.19 Bronchoscopy

24.20 Pulmonary Angiography

24.21 Sputum Culture and Sensitivity

24.22 Thoracentesis

Chapter 25 The Immune System

25.1 Definition

25.2 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

25.3 Anaphylaxis

25.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

25.5 Kaposi’s Sarcoma

25.6 Lymphoma

25.7 Rheumatoid Arthritis

25.8 Scleroderma

25.9 Mononucleosis

25.10 Epstein-Barr Virus/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

25.11 Lyme Disease

25.12 Septic Shock

25.13 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

25.14 Immunologic Blood Studies

25.15 Lymphangiography

Chapter 26 The Hematologic System

26.1 Definition

26.2 Anemia

26.3 Aplastic Anemia (Pancytopenia)

26.4 Iron Deficiency Anemia

26.5 Pernicious Anemia

26.6 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

26.7 Hemophilia

26.8 Leukemia

26.9 Multiple Myeloma

26.10 Polycythemia Vera

26.11 Sickle Cell Anemia

26.12 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

26.13 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

26.14 Bone Marrow Biopsy

Chapter 27 The Nervous System

27.1 Definition

27.2 Head Injury

27.3 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

27.4 Bell’s Palsy

27.5 Brain Abscess

27.6 Brain Tumor

27.7 Cerebral Aneurysm

27.8 Encephalitis

27.9 Guillain-Barré Syndrome

27.10 Huntington’s Disease (Chorea)

27.11 Meningitis

27.12 Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

27.13 Myasthenia Gravis

27.14 Parkinson’s Disease

27.15 Spinal Cord Injury

27.16 Stroke

27.17 Seizure Disorder

27.18 Computed Tomography (CT) With or Without Contrast

27.19 Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

27.20 Cerebral Angiography

27.21 Electroencephalography (EEG)

27.22 Lumbar Puncture

27.23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) With Gadolinium

27.24 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Chapter 28 The Musculoskeletal System

28.1 Definition

28.2 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

28.3 Fractures

28.4 Gout

28.5 Osteoarthritis

28.6 Osteomyelitis

28.7 Osteoporosis

28.8 Arthrogram

28.9 Arthroscopy

28.10 Bone Scan

28.11 Electromyography (EMG)

Chapter 29 The Gastrointestinal System

29.1 Definition

29.2 Appendicitis

29.3 Cholecystitis

29.4 Cirrhosis

29.5 Crohn’s Disease

29.6 Diverticulitis

29.7 Gastroenteritis

29.8 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

29.9 Gastrointestinal Bleeds

29.10 Gastritis

29.11 Hepatitis

29.12 Hiatal Hernia

29.13 Intestinal Obstruction and Paralytic Ileus

29.14 Pancreatitis

29.15 Peritonitis

29.16 Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

29.17 Ulcerative Colitis

29.18 Gastroscopy

29.19 Colonoscopy

29.20 Abdominal Ultrasound

29.21 Liver Biopsy

29.22 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatiography (ERCP)

29.23 Liver Function Tests

Chapter 30 The Endocrine System

30.1 Definition

30.2 Hypothyroidism (Myxedema)

30.3 Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

30.4 Simple Goiter

30.5 Hypopituitarism

30.6 Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly and Gigantism)

30.7 Hyperprolactinemia

30.8 Diabetes Insipidus

30.9 Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

30.10 Addison’s Disease

30.11 Cushing’s Syndrome

30.12 Primary Aldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome)

30.13 Pheochromocytoma

30.14 Hypoparathyroidism

30.15 Hyperparathyroidism

30.16 Diabetes Mellitus

30.17 Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X/Dysmetabolic Syndrome)

Chapter 31 The Genitourinary System

31.1 Definition

31.2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

31.3 Bladder Cancer

31.4 Acute Glomerulonephritis

31.5 Kidney Cancer

31.6 Kidney Stones

31.7 Prostate Cancer

31.8 Pyelonephritis

31.9 Renal Failure

31.10 Testicular Cancer

31.11 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Chapter 32 The Integumentary System

32.1 Definition

32.2 Burns

32.3 Dermatitis

32.4 Skin Cancers

32.5 Cellulitis

32.6 Pressure Ulcers

32.7 Wounds and Healing

Chapter 33 Fluids and Electrolytes

33.1 Definition

33.2 Hormonal Regulation of Fluids and Electrolytes

33.3 Acid-Base Balance

33.4 Hyponatremia

33.5 Hypernatremia

33.6 Hypocalcemia

33.7 Hypercalcemia

33.8 Hypokalemia

33.9 Hyperkalemia

33.10 Hypomagnesemia

33.11 Hypermagnesemia

33.12 Metabolic Acidosis

33.13 Metabolic Alkalosis

33.14 Hypophosphatemia

33.15 Hyperphosphatemia

33.16 Dehydration

Chapter 34 Perioperative Care

34.1 Definition

34.2 Surgical Classifications

34.3 Preoperative Period

34.4 Preoperative Clearance

34.5 Informed Consent

34.6 Preoperative Teaching

34.7 Transfer of the Patient

34.8 Intraoperative Period

34.9 Risk for Injury

34.10 Anesthesia

34.11 Postoperative Period

34.12 Postanesthesia Care

34.13 Postoperative Complications

34.14 Cardiovascular Complications

34.15 Respiratory Complications

34.16 Infection

34.17 Gastrointestinal Complications

Chapter 35 Women’s Health

35.1 Definition

35.2 Breast Cancer

35.3 Cervical Cancer

35.4 Dysmenorrhea

35.5 Ectopic Pregnancy

35.6 Endometrial Cancer

35.7 Fibroids (Leiomyomas)

35.8 Infertility

35.9 Menopause

35.10 Ovarian Cancer

35.11 Benign Ovarian Masses

35.12 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

35.13 Trophoblastic Disease

35.14 Pregnancy

35.15 Labor and Delivery

35.16 Postpartum

35.17 Rh Incompatibility

35.18 Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

Chapter 36 Pain Management

36.1 Definition

36.2 Acute Pain

36.3 Chronic Pain

36.4 Peripheral Neuropathy

36.5 Phantom Limb Pain

36.6 Substance Use Disorders

36.7 Drug Addiction

Index