5 Steps to a 5™: AP Biology 2012 | 5 Steps to a 5

5 Steps to a 5^™: AP Biology 2012

Authors: Mark Anestis

Published: 2011

ISBN: 9780071751797 0071751793

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction: The Five-Step Program

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program

1 What You Need to Know About the AP Biology Exam

Background of the Advanced Placement Program

Who Writes the AP Biology Exam

The AP Grades and Who Receives Them

Reasons for Taking the AP Biology Exam

Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Biology Exam

2 How to Plan Your Time

Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Biology Exam

Calendar for Each Plan

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

3 Take a Diagnostic Exam

Diagnostic Exam in AP Biology

Diagnostic/Master Exam: AP Biology

Answers and Explanations

Scoring and Interpretation

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

4 How to Approach Each Question Type

Multiple-Choice Questions

Free-Response Questions

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

5 Chemistry

Introduction

Elements, Compounds, Atoms, and Ions

Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins

Enzymes

pH: Acids and Bases

Reactions

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

6 Cells

Introduction

Types of Cells

Organelles

Cell Membranes: Fluid Mosaic Model

Types of Cell Transport

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

7 Respiration

Introduction

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

8 Photosynthesis

Introduction

The Players in Photosynthesis

The Reactions of Photosynthesis

Types of Photosynthesis

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

9 Cell Division

Introduction

Cell Division in Prokaryotes

The Cell Cycle

Mitosis

Control of Cell Division

Haploid Versus Diploid Organisms

Meiosis

Life Cycles

Sources of Cell Variation

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

10 Heredity

Introduction

Terms Important in Studying Heredity

Mendel and His Peas

Intermediate Inheritance

Other Forms of Inheritance

Sex Determination and Sex Linkage

Linkage and Gene Mapping

Heads or Tails?

Pedigrees

Common Disorders

Chromosomal Complications

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

11 Molecular Genetics

Introduction

DNA Structure and Function

RNA Structure and Function

Replication of DNA

Transcription of DNA

RNA Processing

Translation of RNA

Gene Expression

The Genetics of Viruses

The Genetics of Bacteria

Genetic Engineering

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

12 Evolution

Introduction

Definition of Evolution

Natural Selection

Lamarck and Darwin

Adaptations

Types of Selection

Evolution Patterns

Sources of Variation

Speciation

When Evolution is not Occurring: Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium

The Evidence for Evolution

Macroevolution

How Life Probably Emerged

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

13 Taxonomy and Classification

Introduction

Five or Six Kingdoms?

Kingdom Monera

Endosymbiotic Theory

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

14 Plants

Introduction

Anatomy of Plants

Roots

The Shoot System

Plant Hormones

Plant Tropisms

Photoperiodism

Go with the Flow: Osmosis, Capillary Action, Cohesion-Tension Theory, and Transpiration

The Changing of the Guard: Regulating Stomata Activity

“Move Over, Sugar”: Carbohydrate Transport Through Phloem

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

15 Human Physiology

Introduction

Circulatory System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Control of the Internal Environment

Nervous System

Muscular System

Endocrine System

Immune System

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

16 Human Reproduction

Introduction

Sex Differences

Anatomy

Embryonic Development

The Influence of Hormones

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

17 Behavioral Ecology and Ethology

Introduction

Types of Animal Learning

Animal Movement

Animal Communication

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

18 Ecology in Further Detail

Introduction

Population Ecology and Growth

Life History Strategies

Community and Succession

Trophic Levels

Biomes

Biogeochemical Cycles

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

19 Laboratory Review

Introduction

Laboratory Experiment 1: Diffusion and Osmosis

Laboratory Experiment 2: Enzyme Catalysis

Laboratory Experiment 3: Mitosis and Meiosis

Laboratory Experiment 4: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

Laboratory Experiment 5: Cell Respiration

Laboratory Experiment 6: Molecular Biology

Laboratory Experiment 7: Genetics of Organisms

Laboratory Experiment 8: Population Genetics and Evolution

Laboratory Experiment 9: Transpiration

Laboratory Experiment 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System

Laboratory Experiment 11: Animal Behavior

Laboratory Experiment 12: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

Practice Free-Response Test 1

Practice Free-Response Test 2

Practice Free-Response Test 3

Practice Free-Response Test 4

AP Biology Practice Exam 1

AP Biology Practice Exam 2

Appendixes

Bibliography

Web sites

Glossary