The Anesthesia Guide

The Anesthesia Guide

Authors: Arthur Atchabahian and Ruchir Gupta

Published: February 2013

eISBN: 9780071772075 0071772073 | ISBN: 9780071760492

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: Preoperative

1 Preoperative Evaluation

2 Predicting Difficult Mask Ventilation and Intubation

3 Preoperative Fasting Guidelines

4 Pulmonary Function Tests

5 Preoperative EKG

6 Preoperative Echocardiography

7 Cardiac Risk Stratification for Noncardiac Surgery, Lee’s Score, NYHA Classification

8 Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis

Part II: Coexisting Disease

9 Management of Chronic Medications in the Perioperative Period

10 Herbal Medicines and Supplements

11 Patient on Corticosteroids

12 Anticoagulation, Antiplatelet Medications

13 Obstructive Sleep Apnea

14 Obesity

15 Conduction Abnormalities

16 Tachyarrythmias

17 Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) Syndrome

18 Pacemakers

19 Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators (ICDs)

20 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

21 Angioedema

22 Patient with a Stent (or Following PCI)

23 Preoperative Coagulation Assessment

24 G6PD Deficiency

25 Diabetes Mellitus

26 Liver Failure

27 Chronic Renal Failure

28 Acute Renal Injury

29 Parkinson Disease

30 Multiple Sclerosis

31 Myasthenia Gravis

32 Preexisting Spinal Cord Injury

33 Porphyria

34 Geriatric Physiology

35 Latex Allergy

36 Electrolyte Abnormalities (Na, K, Ca, Mg, PO[sub(4)])

37 HIV and Anesthesia

38 Coexisting Diseases with Anesthetic Implications

Part III: Monitoring

39 Intraoperative EKG

40 Hemodynamic Monitoring

41 Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring

42 Pulse Oximeter

43 Capnography

44 Processed EEG Monitoring

Part IV: General Anesthesia

45 Preoperative Anesthesia Checklist

46 Management of Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA)

47 Vasoactive Medications

48 Breathing Circuits

49 Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room

50 Full Stomach

51 Difficult Intubation and Various Tools

52 Airway Blocks

53 Awake Fiber-Optic Intubation

54 Retrograde Intubation

55 High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)

56 Antidotes

57 Ambulatory Anesthesia

58 Opioids, Induction Agents, Neuromuscular Blockers

59 Common Drugs Encountered in the OR

60 Inhalation Agents

61 Intraoperative Events

62 Postoperative Complications

63 OR Fires

64 Blood Products and Transfusion

65 Massive Transfusion, Factor VII (Including von Willebrand Disease)

66 Autologous Transfusion

67 Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

68 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

69 Common PACU Problems; PACU Discharge Criteria

Part V: Specific Procedures

70 Orthopedic Procedures; Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome; Pneumatic Tourniquet

71 ENT Procedures

72 Anesthesia for Laser Surgery

73 Ophthalmology

74 Endocrine Surgery

75 Carcinoid Tumor, Somatostatin and Octreotide

76 Pheochromocytoma

77 Laparoscopic Surgery

78 Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy

79 Bariatric Surgery

80 Renal Transplant

81 Liver Transplant

82 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

83 Off-site Anesthesia

84 Cosmetic Surgery

Part VI: Cardiovascular and Thoracic

85 Basics of CPB

86 Intraoperative TEE

87 CABG/OPCAB

88 Valve Surgery

89 Heart Transplantation

90 Open AAA Surgery

91 Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm

92 Anesthesia for Endovascular Procedures

93 Tamponade

94 One-lung Ventilation

95 Thoracic Surgery

96 Lung Transplantation

97 Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Part VII: Neuroanesthesia/Neurocritical Care

98 ICP Monitoring, Acute ICP Increase

99 Neuromonitoring (Transcranial Doppler (TCD), EEG, Carotid stump pressure (SP), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), SjO[sub(2)])

100 Interventional Neuroradiology

101 Craniotomy

102 Awake Craniotomy

103 Neurovascular Surgery

104 Carotid Artery Endarterectomy (CEA)

105 Spinal Surgery and Neurophysiologic Monitoring

106 Anticonvulsants: Seizure Prophylaxis and Chronic Treatment

107 Status Epilepticus

108 Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease (For Non-neurosurgery)

109 Management of Patient with Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)

110 Management of Subdural and Extradural Hematomas

111 Management of Patient with Ischemic Stroke

112 Glasgow and Liège Scales

113 Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

114 Initial Management of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

115 Meningitis

116 Brain Abscess

117 Diabetes Insipidus

118 Brain Death and Organ Donation

Part VIII: Regional

119 Safety in Regional Anesthesia

120 Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants

121 Neuraxial Anesthesia

122 Surgical Epidural

123 Spinal Anesthesia

124 Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia

125 Postdural Puncture Headache

126 Principles of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)

127 Ultrasound Guidance for Regional Anesthesia

128 Insertion of Perineural Catheters

129 Management of a Neuropathy Following Regional Anesthesia

130 Cervical Plexus Blocks

131 Brachial Plexus

132 Upper Limb Dermatomes, Myotomes, Sclerotomes

133 Interscalene Block

134 Supraclavicular Block

135 Infraclavicular Blocks

136 Axillary Block

137 Branch Blocks at the Elbow and the Wrist

138 Digital Blocks

139 Lumbosacral Plexus

140 Lower Limb Dermatomes, Myotomes, Sclerotomes

141 Psoas Compartment (Posterior Lumbar Plexus) Block

142 Femoral Nerve Block, Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB)

143 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block

144 Obturator Nerve Block

145 Saphenous Nerve Blocks

146 Proximal Sciatic Blocks

147 Popliteal Blocks

148 Ankle Block

149 Thoracic Paravertebral Blocks

150 Intercostal Nerve Blocks

151 Innervation of the Abdominal Wall and Viscera

152 Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block; Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Blocks

153 Regional Analgesia for Abdominal Surgery

154 Infiltration Analgesia for Lower Limb Arthroplasty

155 Superficial Blocks of the Face

Part IX: Acute Pain (Postoperative)

156 Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia

157 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

158 IV PCA (Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia)

159 Opioids

160 Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants Used in Pain Management

161 Other Adjuvant Agents Commonly Used in Pain Management

162 Epidural Analgesia

163 Management of Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks

164 Pain and Sedation Scales in Adults

165 Pediatric Postoperative Analgesia

166 Acute Pain Management of the Chronic Pain Patient

Part X: Pediatrics

167 Drug Dosages for Pediatric Anesthesia

168 Newborn Resuscitation

169 Pediatric Difficult Airway

170 Pediatric Vital Signs

171 Pediatric Sizing Chart

172 Gastroschisis/Omphalocele

173 Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

174 Pyloric Stenosis

175 Necrotizing Enterocolitis

176 Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair

177 The Hypotonic Child

178 Pediatric Regional Anesthesia

179 Basics of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia

Part XI: Obstetrics

180 Physiology of Pregnancy

181 Physiology of Labor and the Postpartum Period

182 Medications and Pregnancy

183 Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Therapy in Obstetrics

184 Anticoagulation During Pregnancy

185 Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia

186 Nonobstetrical Surgery in the Pregnant Patient

187 Labor Analgesia

188 Combined Spinal Epidural in Obstetrical Anesthesia

189 Anesthesia for Cesarean Section, Postoperative Analgesia Options

190 Anesthesia for Episiotomy, Perineal Laceration, and Forceps Delivery

191 Anesthesia for Cerclage

192 Tocolysis

193 Anticoagulation after Cesarean Section

194 Peripartum Hemorrhage

195 Fetal HR Monitoring

196 Twin Pregnancy, Breech Presentation, Trial of Labor after Cesarean Birth: Anesthetic Considerations for Patients Attempting Vaginal Birth

Part XII: Critical Care

197 Central Venous Access

198 Shock

199 Sepsis

200 Acute Myocardial Infarction, Complications and Treatment

201 Anaphylaxis

202 Lung Anatomy for Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy

203 ICU Ventilator Modes

204 ARDS

205 Status Asthmaticus

206 Pulmonary Embolism

207 Acid–Base Abnormalities

208 Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

209 Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Syndrome

210 Diabetic Ketoacidosis

211 Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)

212 Critical Illness–Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency (CIRCI)

213 Caustic Ingestion

214 Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

215 Acute Pancreatitis

216 Agitation, Delirium, Delirium Tremens

217 Trauma Anesthesia

218 Burn Injury

219 Toxicology

Part XIII: Rapid Reference

220 Important Formulae

221 Commonly Used Phrases in the Operating Room

222 BLS/ACLS/PALS

223 Malignant Hyperthermia

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Index