Schaum's Outline of Biology | Schaum's Outline

Schaum's Outline of Biology

Authors: George Fried and George Hademenos

Published: May 2013

eISBN: 9780071811316 0071811311 | ISBN: 9780071811309

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Part I: Fundamentals of Biology

Chapter 1 The Basic Structure of Science

1.1 The Methods of Science

1.2 Biology as a Science

1.3 The Significance of Evolution

1.4 Organization of Life

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life: An Inorganic Perspective

2.1 Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonding

2.2 Chemical Reactions and the Concept of Equilibrium

2.3 Colligative Properties of Solutions

2.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics

2.5 The Special Case of Water

2.6 Maintaining Stable pH in Living Systems

Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life: The Organic Level

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Carbohydrates

3.3 Proteins

3.4 Structure and Functions of Lipids

3.5 The Chemical Basis of Living Systems

Part II: Biology of the Cell

Chapter 4 The Cellular Organization of Life

4.1 The Cell Doctrine

4.2 Cellular Organization

4.3 Cellular Organelles

4.4 Plant and Animal Cells: Tissue Organization

4.5 Cell Size and Its Constraints

4.6 Movement Into and Out of the Cell

Chapter 5 Energy Transformations

5.1 Energy and Life

5.2 Thermodynamics

5.3 Cell Metabolism

5.4 Bioenergetics

Chapter 6 Photosynthesis

6.1 An Overall View

6.2 The Light Reaction

6.3 The Dark Reaction (Calvin-Benson Cycle)

6.4 Photorespiration

6.5 The C[sub(4)] Pathway

6.6 Structure and Function in the Chloroplast

Part III: Genetics and Inheritance

Chapter 7 The Nature of the Gene

7.1 The Concept of Information Processing in the Cell

7.2 The Search for the Chemical Bases of Inheritance

7.3 Encoding Information—The Language of the Gene

7.4 Processing the Information—Protein Synthesis

7.5 Reproduction of Information—DNA Replication

7.6 Modification of Information—Mutation

7.7 Genetic Engineering

Chapter 8 Cell Reproduction

8.1 Cell Cycles and Life Cycles

8.2 The Chromosomes as Packaged Genes

8.3 Mitosis

8.4 Meiosis

8.5 A Possible Mechanism for Crossing Over

8.6 Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Variability

Chapter 9 The Mechanism of Inheritance

9.1 Pre-Mendelian Concepts

9.2 Mendel’s Laws

9.3 Linkage

9.4 Mapping the Chromosomes

9.5 Sex Linkage

9.6 Variations in Gene Expression

9.7 Chromosomes and Gene Expression

9.8 Treating Genetic Diseases

Chapter 10 Control Mechanisms in Genetics

10.1 The Operon Hypothesis

10.2 Cistron, Recon, and Muton

10.3 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

10.4 Cancer as a Genetic Aberration

Chapter 11 Embryology

11.1 Animal Development

11.2 Human Development

11.3 Plant Development

11.4 Control of Differentiation

11.5 Major Contributions to the Field of Embryology

Chapter 12 Animal Reproduction

12.1 An Evolutionary Survey

12.2 Male Reproductive System in Humans

12.3 Female Reproductive System in Humans

12.4 Sexual Response in Humans

12.5 Contraception

12.6 Sexual Preference

12.7 Sexual Dysfunction

Part IV: Plant Biology

Chapter 13 Basic Structure and Function in Vascular Plants

13.1 Plant Nutrition

13.2 Movement of Water and Minerals in Xylem

13.3 Movement of Food Through the Phloem

Chapter 14 Interactions of Vascular Plants with their Environment

14.1 Tropisms

14.2 Plant Hormones

14.3 Photoperiodism

14.4 Plant Diseases

Part V: Animal Biology

Chapter 15 Homeostasis: Regulation of Physiological Functions

15.1 Overview

15.2 Feedback Control

15.3 Regulation of Temperature

15.4 Regulation of Blood Sugar

Chapter 16 Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System

16.1 Food Procurement

16.2 Digestion and Absorption

16.3 The Vertebrate Liver

16.4 Diet and Health

16.5 Special Case of the Vitamins

16.6 Obesity and Eating Disorders

16.7 Deficiency Diseases

Chapter 17 The Excretory System

17.1 Excretion in Invertebrates

17.2 Structure of the Vertebrate Kidney

17.3 Functioning of the Vertebrate Kidney

17.4 Human Kidney Function

17.5 Homeostatic Function of the Kidney

17.6 Accessory Excretory Structures

Chapter 18 The Circulatory System

18.1 Comparative Cardiovascular Systems of Vertebrates

18.2 The Human Heart

18.3 Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

18.4 Control of Blood Pressure

18.5 Constituents of Blood and Lymph

18.6 Osmoregulation

Chapter 19 Immunology

19.1 The Human Immune Systems

19.2 The Immune Response

19.3 Hybridomas

19.4 AIDS

19.5 Human Blood Groups

Chapter 20 The Respiratory System

20.1 Mechanisms of External Respiration

20.2 Mammalian Respiration

20.3 Regulation of Breathing

20.4 Exchange of O[sub(2)] and CO[sub(2)] in the Blood

Chapter 21 Hormones and the Endocrine System

21.1 Early Endocrine Systems

21.2 Vertebrate Endocrine Systems

21.3 Mode of Action of Hormones

Chapter 22 The Nervous System

22.1 Overview

22.2 Phylogenetic Development of the Nervous System

22.3 The Neuron as the Functional Unit of Nervous Activity

22.4 The Neural Impulse

22.5 The Synapse

22.6 Reflex Arc

22.7 Receptors and Effectors

22.8 Special Sense Organs

22.9 Brain and Spinal Cord

22.10 Autonomic Nervous System

Chapter 23 The Musculoskeletal System: Support and Movement

23.1 Invertebrate Support Systems

23.2 The Vertebrate Endoskeleton

23.3 Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrate Muscle

Chapter 24 Animal Behavior

24.1 What Is Behavior? Components of Behavior

24.2 Cyclic Behavior Patterns

24.3 Sexual Behavior

24.4 Social Organization

24.5 Modes of Communication

24.6 Biological Determinism and Behavior

Part VI: Evolution and Ecology

Chapter 25 Evolution: The Process

25.1 A Brief History of the Concept of Change in Organisms

25.2 The Notion of a Gene Pool: Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium

25.3 Natural Selection: A Modern Synthesis

25.4 Punctuated Equilibrium

25.5 Molecular Biology of Evolutionary Change

25.6 Control of Gene Pools

25.7 Speciation

25.8 Microevolution versus Macroevolution

Chapter 26 Ecology

26.1 Anatomy of an Ecosystem

26.2 Types of Ecosystems

26.3 Stability and Ecological Succession

26.4 Biomass and Species Dispersal

26.5 Upsetting the Stability of an Ecosystem

Chapter 27 Origin of Life

27.1 The Oparin Hypothesis

27.2 Heterotroph to Autotroph

27.3 Origin of Cells

Part VII: Biological Diversity

Chapter 28 The Kingdom Monera (The Prokaryotes)

28.1 Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

28.2 The Significance and Origin of Organelles

28.3 Bacteria, the Ecosphere, and Human Interactions

Chapter 29 The Kingdom Protista

29.1 Protozoans

29.2 Algal Protists

29.3 Fungilike Protists

Chapter 30 The Kingdom Fungi

30.1 Basic Structure of Fungi

30.2 Divisions of Fungi

30.3 Reproductive Strategies of the Fungi

30.4 Fungi as Friends and Foes

Chapter 31 The Kingdom Plantae

31.1 Bryophytes and the Challenge of a Terrestrial Environment

31.2 The Vascular Plants

31.3 Seed Plants

31.4 Economic Importance of Plants

31.5 The Green Revolution

Chapter 32 The Kingdom Animalia

32.1 Subkingdom Parazoa: The Sponges

32.2 Radiata: Cnidaria and Ctenophora

32.3 Bilateria: Deuterostomes and Protostomes

32.4 Acoelomates

32.5 Pseudocoelomates: Rotifera and Nematoda

32.6 Protostome Coelomates

32.7 Deuterostome Coelomates

Chapter 33 The Primates

33.1 Primate Lineages

33.2 Primate Characteristics

33.3 Humankind and its Destiny

33.4 Misconceptions of the Evolutionary Relationship Between Humans and Apes

Glossary

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A Biological Lexicon

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