Roaming in Wireless Networks

Roaming in Wireless Networks

Authors: Shahid Siddiqui

Published: September 2005

eISBN: 9780071589055 0071589058 | ISBN: 9780071455053

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Roaming and Wireless Networks

1.1 National and International Roaming

1.2 Interstandard Roaming

1.3 Prepaid and Postpaid Subscriber Roaming

1.4 Basic Structure of Roaming

1.5 Roaming Services

Chapter 2. CCS7 in Wireless Networks

2.1 Signaling—An Introduction

2.2 CCS7 Network Architecture

2.3 Message Transfer Part

2.3.1 MTP Level 1

2.3.2 MTP Level 2

2.3.3 MTP Level 3

2.4 ISDN User Part

2.5 Signaling Connection and Control Part

2.5.1 Connectionless signaling

2.5.2 Connection-oriented signaling

2.5.3 SCCP message format

2.5.4 SCCP routing control

2.5.5 SCCP management

2.6 Transaction Capabilities Application Part

2.6.1 Structure of TCAP

Bibliography

Chapter 3. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

3.1 Brief History of Early Cellular Networks

3.1.1 Limitations of early cellular technologies

3.1.2 Roaming and early cellular networks

3.2 GSM Overview

3.3 GSM Offered Services

3.3.1 Bearer service

3.3.2 Teleservices

3.3.3 Supplementary services

3.4 System Architecture

3.4.1 Mobile station

3.4.2 Base station subsystem

3.4.3 Network switching system

3.5 GSM Interfaces and Protocols

3.5.1 Air interface

3.5.2 Abis interface

3.5.3 A interface

3.5.4 Inter-MSC signaling

3.6 Scenarios

3.6.1 Mobility management

3.6.2 Call establishment

Bibliography

Chapter 4. General Packet Radio Service

4.1 GPRS Overview

4.2 GPRS Services

4.2.1 Horizontal applications

4.2.2 Vertical applications

4.3 GPRS Network Architecture

4.3.1 GPRS terminals

4.3.2 GPRS BSS—Packet control unit

4.3.3 GPRS support nodes

4.4 Interfaces and Protocols

4.4.1 User plane

4.4.2 Signaling plane

4.5 GPRS Identities

4.5.1 P-TMSI

4.5.2 TLLI

4.5.3 NSAPI

4.5.4 TEID

4.6 GPRS Procedures

4.6.1 Mobility management

4.6.2 Session management

4.6.3 Security function

Bibliography

Chapter 5. Third Generation Networks

5.1 3G Specifications

5.2 UMTS Network Architecture

5.2.1 3GPP Release 99

5.2.2 Release 4 architecture

5.2.3 Release 5 architecture

5.3 UMTS Interfaces and Protocols

5.3.1 UTRAN interfaces and protocol structure

5.3.2 System network protocols

5.4 Example UMTS Procedures

5.4.1 Mobile-originated circuit-switched calls

5.4.2 Mobile-originated packet-switched calls

Bibliography

Chapter 6. Roaming in a GSM Network

6.1 Inter-PLMN Signaling Network

6.1.1 Inter-PLMN addressing

6.1.2 Address format

6.2 Communication Between a VPLMN VLR and an HPLMN HLR

6.3 Roaming Procedures

6.3.1 Location update in a visited network

6.3.2 Roamer authentication in visited network

6.3.3 Provide roaming number

6.3.4 Cancel location

6.3.5 Purge MS

6.3.6 Restore data

6.4 Roaming Call Scenarios

6.4.1 Roamer-originated call

6.4.2 Roamer-terminated call

6.5 Short Message Service (SMS)

6.5.1 Roamer-originated SM

6.5.2 Roamer-terminated SM

6.5.3 MAP v2 procedures

Bibliography

Chapter 7. Roaming in GPRS and 3G Networks

7.1 Inter-PLMN Connectivity

7.1.1 Inter-PLMN backbone network

7.1.2 Inter-PLMN data connectivity alternatives

7.1.3 GPRS roaming eXchange

7.1.4 Border gateway protocol version 4

7.2 Access Point Name

7.2.1 APN network identifier

7.2.2 APN operator identifier

7.2.3 Wild card APN

7.3 APN Resolution

7.3.1 GPRS and DNS

7.3.2 APN resolution using DNS in the HPLMN

7.3.3 APN resolution using DNS in the VPLMN

7.4 Roaming Scenarios

7.4.1 GPRS attach in a visited network

7.4.2 PLMN and ISP roaming

7.4.3 PDP context activation using HGGSN

7.4.4 PDP context activation using VGGSN

Bliography

Chapter 8. Roaming Implementation for Prepaid

8.1 Prepaid Roaming Using USSD Callback

8.1.1 USSD string coding

8.1.2 USSD request handling—general concept

8.1.3 Roamer initiated USSD operation

8.1.4 Network initiated USSD operations

8.1.5 Prepaid roaming—USSD callback scenario

8.2 Prepaid Roaming Using CAMEL

8.2.1 CAMEL architecture

8.2.2 Points in call and detection points

8.2.3 CAMEL subscriber information

8.2.4 Basic call state model

8.2.5 CAMEL information flow

8.2.6 Prepaid roaming-CAMEL call scenario

Bibliography

Chapter 9. Inter-PLMN Roaming Testing

9.1 Overview of IREG Testing

9.1.1 Internetwork connectivity

9.1.2 End-to-end functional testing

9.2 IREG Testing—Test Setup

9.2.1 GSM roaming test setup

9.2.2 GPRS roaming test setup

9.3 IREG Tests

9.3.1 GSM basic service tests

9.3.2 GSM supplementary services tests

9.3.3 GSM SMS tests

9.3.4 GSM SS and ODB tests

9.3.5 GPRS attach

9.3.6 GPRS PDP context tests

9.3.7 GPRS SMS tests

9.3.8 GPRS operator control of service

9.3.9 Other tests

9.4 IREG Tester

Bibliography

Chapter 10. Roaming Service Management and Troubleshooting Faults

10.1 Quality of Service—General Concepts

10.1.1 Service-independent quality indicators

10.1.2 Service-dependent quality indicators

10.1.3 Quality indicators by services

10.2 Roaming Service Quality

10.3 Proactive Service Monitoring

10.3.1 Roaming service monitoring using active probes

10.3.2 Roaming service monitoring using passive probes

10.4 Troubleshooting Roaming Faults

10.4.1 Common network problems

10.4.2 Information gathering on symptoms

10.4.3 Diagnostic tools

10.4.4 Understanding protocol errors

Bibliography

Chapter 11. Billing and Settlement

11.1 Roaming Billing Standards

11.2 Transferred Account Procedures

11.2.1 TAP3 and earlier versions

11.2.2 TAP-in and TAP-out processes

11.2.3 Reject and return process

11.3 Role of Clearinghouses

Bibliography

Chapter 12. Roaming Value-Added Services

12.1 Optimal Routing

12.1.1 Implementation

12.2 Welcome and Other Information SMS

12.2.1 Implementation

12.3 Short Dial Codes

12.3.1 Implementation

12.4 Missed-Call Information While Roaming

12.4.1 Implementation

12.5 Other Services

Chapter 13. Roaming—Current and Future Enhancements

13.1 WLAN Overview

13.2 PLMN-WLAN Roaming

13.3 WLAN-PLMN Interworking

13.3.1 WLAN UE

13.3.2 AAA server

13.3.3 Packet data gateway

13.4 Roaming Scenarios

Bibliography

Index