Water-Resistant Design and Construction

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Water-Resistant Design and Construction

Water-Resistant Design and Construction

Authors: William Walker and Dan Felice

Published: November 2007

eISBN: 9780071595049 007159504X | ISBN: 9780071492768

Contents

Illustrations

Tables

Abbreviations

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Changes Over Time

1.1 Historical Overview

1.2 Changes Over Time

1.3 Recent Trends

1.4 Common Causes and Effects

1.4.1 Materials got wet during construction

1.4.2 Dew point is reached in a wall without planning for condensation removal

1.4.3 Insulation is inadequate, misplaced, or on the wrong side of the vapor barrier

1.4.4 Leaks at windows and doors or at other holes in the walls

1.4.5 Roof penetrations

1.4.6 Water comes in at the Intersections between walls and floors

1.4.7 Inadequate ventilation

1.4.8 Negative-pressure building

1.4.9 Inadequate air-conditioning

1.4.10 Bad laps of membrane

1.4.11 No vapor barrier

1.4.12 Expansion of materials over time

1.4.13 Bad design

1.4.14 Poor construction

1.4.15 Membranes damaged during construction

1.4.16 Poor joint geometry

1.4.17 Building below finish grade

1.4.18 Hydrostatic pressure

1.4.19 Poor maintenance

1.4.20 Reliance upon sealants

1.4.21 Wrong material for the job

1.4.22 Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during construction

1.4.23 Failed roofing products

1.4.24 Reliance on coatings instead of membranes

1.4.25 A series of bad decisions and/or other forces

2 Water Intrusion and Mold

2.1 A Picture is Worth a Million Dollars

2.2 Mold and How to Stop Mold Growth

2.2.1 Limiting the spores

2.2.2 Limiting nutrients

2.2.3 Limiting moisture

2.3 Putting It All Together

2.4 Selecting the Right Class of Construction

2.5 Gravity, Geometry, Technology

2.5.1 Air pressure control

2.5.2 Water vapor transmission reduction

3 Predesign

3.1 The Building Program: A Blueprint for Success

3.1.1 Concept statement

3.1.2 Hierarchy chart

3.2 Building Delivery Systems

3.2.1 Cost-plus GC

3.2.2 Guaranteed maximum price

3.2.3 Design-build

3.2.4 Construction managers

3.3 Time, the Fourth Dimension

3.4 Money, the Fifth Dimension

4 Building Envelope Design

4.1 Selecting the Right Firm

4.2 Communication

4.3 Carrying Out the Concept

4.4 Schematic Design

4.4.1 Avoiding future problems

4.4.2 Liquid water

4.4.3 Airborne water

4.4.4 Water vapor

4.4.5 Condensation

4.5 Completing the Design

4.5.1 Site design

4.5.2 Floor system

4.5.3 Floor-to-wall intersections

4.5.4 Walls

4.5.5 Some modern examples from across the globe

4.5.6 Wall performance categories: Barrier, drainage, and rain screen

4.5.7 Sill flashings

4.5.8 Jambs

4.5.9 Heads

4.6 Materials

4.6.1 Glass and glazing

4.6.2 Membranes

4.6.3 Air infiltration barriers

4.6.4 Moisture-reduction barriers

4.6.5 Both membranes working together

4.6.6 Sealants

4.6.7 Flashings

4.6.8 Insulation

4.7 Roof Design

4.7.1 Flat roof design

4.7.2 Low-slope roofing

4.7.3 Intermediate-slope roofing

4.7.4 Steep-pitched roofing

4.7.5 Roof penetrations and roof-to-wall conditions

4.8 Mechanical Systems

4.8.1 Ventilation

4.8.2 Exhausting

4.8.3 Dehumidification

4.8.4 Sensing and controls

5 Bidding and Preconstruction

5.1 Clearly Defined Scope

5.2 Avoiding Scope Creep

5.3 Bid Environment

5.4 Value Engineering

5.5 Bidding

6 Construction

6.1 Process

6.2 Preconstruction

6.3 Submittals

6.4 Scheduling

6.5 Long-Lead Items

6.6 Early-Bid Packages

6.7 Storage and Protection

6.8 Coordinating the Trades

6.9 Attention to Detail

6.10 Dimensional Tolerances

6.11 Asking Questions

6.12 Managing Change

6.13 Quality Control and Assurance

6.14 Punch Lists

6.15 Test and Balance

6.16 One-Year-Warranty Walk

Index