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Frankel, Michael. Facilities Site Piping Systems Handbook. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2012.

Facilities Site Piping Systems Handbook

Authors: Michael Frankel

Published:  August 2012

eISBN: 9780071760287 0071760288 | ISBN: 9780071760270
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  • Facilities Site Piping Systems Handbook
  • About the Author
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1: Water Wells
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Water Well System Components
  • Well Pumps
  • Casing
  • Well Intakes
  • Gravel Packing
  • Grouting and Sealing the Well Casing
  • Well Drilling
  • Cable Tool Drilling
  • Hollow Rod or Hydraulic Percussion
  • Rotary Drilling
  • Water Well Design and Construction
  • Well Development and Testing
  • Development
  • Water Level Measurement
  • Testing for Yield
  • Location of Wells
  • Disinfection
  • Well System Design Considerations
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 2: Graywater
  • Introduction
  • Definitions
  • General
  • Codes, Standards, and Regulations
  • Graywater Background
  • Sources
  • Domestic Residential Graywater Sources
  • Nonresidential Graywater Sources
  • Harvested Rainwater, Including Snowmelt
  • Water Contaminants
  • Treatment Technologies
  • Basic Suspended Solids Removal
  • Graywater Intended for Cartridge Filters
  • Membrane Technologies
  • Dissolved Organics Removal
  • Gases
  • Treatment That Results in Potable Water
  • Application
  • Graywater Diversion Systems
  • Valves in Graywater Use
  • Planning a System
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 3: Groundwater Monitoring Wells
  • Codes and Standards
  • Drilling Methods
  • Casing
  • Grout
  • Intakes
  • Well Development
  • Finishing the Monitor Well
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 4: Water Treatment
  • General
  • Definitions
  • Initial Filtering
  • Clarification
  • Biological Control
  • Codes and Standards
  • Basic Water Chemistry
  • Water Impurities
  • Suspended Matter (Particulates)
  • Dissolved Minerals and Organic Substances
  • Water Analysis and Impurity Measurement
  • Deposits and Corrosion
  • Predicting Scale Formation and Corrosion Tendencies—General
  • Aggressiveness Index
  • Filters and St Rainers
  • Filter Categories
  • Filter Ratings
  • Component Description
  • Filter Selection Criteria
  • Membrane Filter Testing
  • Filter Selection Considerations
  • Granular Filter Flow Rates
  • Backwashing
  • Seals
  • Housings
  • Filter Selection Considerations
  • Strainers
  • General
  • Materials of Construction
  • Design Considerations and Selection Criteria
  • Other Technology and Component Description
  • Clarification
  • Deaeration
  • Decarbonation
  • Dealkalizing
  • Ion Exchange and Removal
  • Membrane Filtration and Separation
  • Utility Water Treatment
  • Potable Water Treatment
  • Domestic Water Treatment for Private Residences
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 5: Desalination
  • General
  • Economics
  • Saline Water
  • Some Desalination Facts
  • Component Selection Consideration
  • Intake and Intake Structures
  • Pretreatment and Posttreatment
  • Pumps
  • Disinfection
  • Environmental Considerations
  • Discharge
  • Intake
  • Available Desalinization Technology
  • Reverse Osmosis
  • Vacuum Distillation
  • Heat Distillation
  • Ion Extraction
  • Electrodialysis
  • Freezing Desalinization
  • Solar Humidification
  • Cogeneration
  • Nuclear Reactors
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Desalination Compared to Other Water Supply Options
  • Experimental Techniques and Other Developments
  • Iceberg Towing
  • Passarell Process
  • Geothermal Desalination
  • Nanotube Membrane
  • Electric Field
  • Low-Temperature Thermal Desalination
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 6: Site Domestic Water Service
  • Water Supplied From a Public Utility
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Water Source
  • Quantity and Availability
  • Size and Age of Mains
  • Hydrant Flow Test
  • Connection to Utility Company Mains
  • System Components
  • Pipe Material Selection
  • System Design Procedure
  • Preliminary Information Required
  • Calculation of Pipe Size
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 7: Site Fire Protection
  • Facility Water Supply
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Connection to Utility Company Mains
  • Quantity and Availability
  • System Components
  • Valves
  • Location and Type of BFP Devices
  • Meters
  • Fire Hydrants
  • Hose Houses
  • Monitors
  • Fixed Water Spray Systems
  • Water Storage Tanks
  • Size and Age of Mains
  • Joint Restraint
  • Fire Pumps
  • Water Supply
  • Sizing the Fire Protection Water Service
  • Demand Flow Rate
  • Storage Tank Capacity
  • Pipe Material Selection
  • Preliminary Information Required
  • Calculation of the Pipe Size
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 8: Site Fuel Gas Systems
  • General
  • Fuel Gas Description
  • Codes and Standards
  • Natural Gas
  • General
  • Major Natural Gas System Site Components
  • Site Distribution
  • Testing and Purging
  • Site Service Sizing Procedure
  • Site Service Pipe Sizing Methods
  • Pipe and System Materials for Site Installation
  • Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • General
  • Storage Tanks
  • Location of Equipment on the Site
  • Storage Tank Sizing and Selection
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 9: Fats, Oils, and Grease Interceptors, and Motor Oil Separation Units
  • General
  • Types of Grease and Oil
  • Codes and Standards
  • Principle of Operation
  • Definitions
  • Types of Interceptors
  • Auxiliary Devices
  • Interceptor Sizing Procedures
  • Additional Interceptor Sizing Guidelines
  • System Design Considerations
  • Motor Oil Separation Units
  • General
  • Oil in Water
  • Methods of Separation and Treatment
  • Sizing for Typical Installations
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 10: pH Neutralization Systems
  • General
  • Definition
  • Codes and Standards
  • Health and Safety Concerns
  • Common Types of Acids
  • Selection of Piping and Components
  • General
  • Sulfuric Acid
  • Phosphoric Acid
  • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Nitric Acid
  • Hydrobromic Acid
  • Perchloric Acid
  • Caustic Liquids
  • Ph Waste Treatment and Component Selection
  • Solids Interception
  • System Design Considerations
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 11: Infectious and Biological Waste Drainage Systems
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Biological Safety Levels
  • Biosafety Level 1 (BL1) Containment
  • Biosafety Level 2 (BL2) Containment
  • Biosafety Level 3 (BL3) Containment
  • Biosafety Level 4 (BL4) Containment
  • Liquid Waste Decontamination System
  • System Components
  • Drainage System and Components
  • System Design
  • Vents
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 12: Nuclear Waste
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • The Nature of Radiation
  • Radiation Measurement
  • Units of Radiation Dose
  • SI Measurement Units
  • Allowable Radiation Levels
  • Shielding
  • Radioactive Materials
  • System Design Criteria
  • The Approval Process and Application Requirements
  • General Design Criteria
  • Pipe Material Selection
  • General Design Considerations
  • Decontamination
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 13: Industrial Waste
  • General
  • System Approval Requirements
  • Definitions
  • Codes and Standards
  • The Clean Water Act
  • RCRA and CERCLA
  • Design Considerations
  • Elements of an Industrial Wastewater Handling System
  • pH Control
  • Removal of Dissolved and Suspended Metals
  • Oil–Water Separation
  • Biological Treatment
  • Pipe Material and Joint Selection
  • System Design Considerations
  • Bibliography
  • Codes and Standards
  • Government Publications
  • Resources
  • Chapter 14: Fire Suppression Water Drainage
  • System Description
  • Facility Construction
  • System Components
  • Drains
  • Fire Water Collection System
  • System Sizing
  • General
  • Trench Drains
  • Scuppers
  • Fire Water Collection System
  • Foam Discharge Disposal
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 15: Volatile Liquids: Treatment and Disposal
  • General
  • Double-Containment Piping
  • Piping Materials
  • Design of Piping Components
  • Thermal Expansion of Piping
  • Drainage Piping Installation
  • Drainage Pipe Sizing
  • Liquid Fuel Supply
  • Definitions and Liquid Fuel Classifications
  • Codes and Standards
  • Liquid Fuel System Description
  • System Components
  • Distribution Systems
  • Leak Detection and System Monitoring
  • General
  • Leakage from Tanks
  • Leakage Remote from Tanks
  • Leakage from Piping
  • Tank Tightness with Inventory Control
  • Leakage into Secondary Containments
  • Aboveground Storage and Distribution Systems
  • Leak Detection and System Monitoring
  • System Monitoring
  • System Design Consideration
  • Diesel Fuel Systems
  • Fire Pump Fuel Storage
  • Codes and Standards
  • General Design Considerations
  • Emergency Generator Fuel Storage
  • Flamable and Volatile Liquids
  • Oil in Water
  • Methods of Separation and Treatment
  • Smaller Systems
  • Sand
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 16: Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse
  • Codes and Standards
  • Background
  • Condensate and Cooling Tower Discharge
  • Rainwater Basics
  • Water Contaminants
  • Preliminary Filtering
  • System Components
  • General
  • The Catchment Surface
  • Gutters and Downspouts
  • Roof Washers and Prefiltration
  • Storage Tanks
  • Storage Tank Materials
  • The Presence of a Biofilm
  • Water Connections into a Storage Tank
  • Tank and Water Conveying System Materials
  • Piping
  • Pumps
  • Backflow Prevention
  • System Sizing and Component Design Parameters
  • General
  • Additional Water Treatment
  • Pumps
  • System Sizing for Typical Projects
  • Estimating Water Available for Use
  • Estimating Residential Water Demand
  • Estimating Industrial Water Demand
  • Estimating Irrigation Water Demand
  • Estimating Rainfall Runoff
  • Estimating Tank Capacity for a Project
  • Typical Tank Calculations
  • Tank and Cistern Siting Considerations
  • Schematic Diagrams of Storage Tank
  • Inspections and Testing
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 17: Stormwater Drainage and Disposal
  • Stormwater Runoff
  • General
  • Layout of System
  • Design Criteria
  • Design Storm
  • Determination of Design Storm
  • Storm Water Structure Selection
  • System Design Procedure
  • System Design Considerations
  • Stormwater Permitting
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Guidelines for Industrial Discharge
  • Stormwater Disposal
  • Infiltration Device Design Guidelines
  • Definitions
  • Infiltration Basins
  • Planning Guidelines
  • Design Guidelines
  • Basin Shape
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 18: Flow in Ditches and Open Channels
  • Determining the Value for N in the Manning Formula
  • Calculating the Hydraulic Radius of an Open Chanel
  • Suggested Design Requirements for Ditch Systems
  • Cross Section
  • Velocity
  • hteen Design Depth and Slope
  • Full Ditch Lining
  • Partial Lining
  • Culverts
  • Headwalls and Wingwalls
  • Flume
  • Weirs
  • Sluice Gates
  • Sluice Gate Discharge
  • Discharge of Water into Free Air
  • Submerged Discharge of Water
  • Calculating the Flow of an Open Chanel
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 19: Sanitary Gravity Flow
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Information to Be Obtained Prior to Design
  • Gravity Sewer Components
  • Manholes
  • Steps
  • Sanitary Sewer Design Considerations
  • Selecting the Pipe Material
  • Minimum and Maximum Effluent Velocity
  • Connections to the Public Sewer
  • Depth of Bury
  • Depth of Flow
  • Separation and Clearances from Drainage Piping
  • Sizing the Sewer
  • Peak Flow Rate Determination
  • Peak Sanitary Discharge
  • Other Peak Discharge
  • Slope of the Piping
  • Allowance for the Future
  • Infiltration
  • Determining the Size of the Sewer
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 20: Pump Discharge Systems
  • Codes and Standards
  • System Components
  • General
  • Pumps
  • Basins
  • Discharge Piping
  • Component Selection
  • General
  • Pump Type Selection
  • Pump Control
  • Basin Material Selection
  • Force Main Piping Material Selection
  • Component Sizing
  • General—Pump Sizing
  • Required Pump Capacity
  • Required Pump Head
  • Pressure Loss of System
  • Velocity
  • Basin Capacity
  • Pipe Sizing
  • System Design Considerations
  • Lift Station Location
  • Layout of Piping at Pumps
  • Flotation
  • Pipe Restraints
  • Ancillary Equipment Considerations
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 21: Underground Piping Design
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Pipe and Instalation Classifications
  • Pipe Installation
  • Pipe Classifications
  • Definitions
  • Loads Acting on a Pipe
  • General
  • Earth Loads
  • Superimposed Loads
  • Live Load from Trains
  • Uniformly Distributed Load
  • Bedding
  • Pipe Bedding Material Classification
  • Strength of Materials
  • Total Load on Buried Pipe
  • Deflection
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 22: The Freezing of Water
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Frezing of Water
  • Mechanics of the Freezing Process
  • Pipe Damage Due to Freezing
  • Freezing of Water in Atmospheric Vessels
  • Sewer and Water Supply Piping Design
  • Depth of Freze in Soils
  • Derivation of the Basic Formula for Frost Depth
  • Frost Closure of Vents
  • Piping Connections to Water Tanks
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 23: Building Rating and Assessment Systems
  • General
  • Codes and Standards
  • Definitions
  • Approval of Authorities Having Jurisdiction
  • Led
  • Leed Building Certification
  • Earning LED Building Credits
  • LED—New Facility Building Construction
  • Potable Water Use
  • Fixture Groups
  • LED Certification Process for Engineers
  • Construction Pollution Prevention
  • Green Globes
  • Earning GBI Building Credits
  • Background for Sustainability
  • Benefits of Sustainable Construction
  • Plumbing Engineering Opportunities
  • Potential Green Plumbing Features
  • Mechanical Contractor and Construction Team
  • Green Roofs
  • Legal Aspects of Green Building Design
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix: Metric Conversions
  • Basic Metric Fundamentals
  • Basic Conventions
  • Accuracy
  • Abbreviations
  • Preferred Usage
  • Conversion Factors
  • Pipe Sizes
  • Prefered Scale
  • Pitch
  • Comonly Used Ip Conversions
  • Conversion Factors
  • Pressure
  • Length
  • Area and Spatial Volume
  • Liquid Volume
  • Fluid Flow Rate
  • Weight
  • Heat and Temperature
  • Velocity
  • Index